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Link between Creativity and Mental Illness Discovered (Again)
by Josh Clark | November 17, 2009
Around 7:30 on the morning of Sunday, July 2, 1961, Ernest Hemingway went downstairs to the foyer of his home in Ketchum, Idaho, still clad in pajamas and robe, removed a 12-gauge shotgun from a rack near the front door, and shot himself in the head with it.
Hemingway was 61 when he committed suicide. He’d just been released after a two-month stint at the Mayo Clinic, where he’d been treated for severe depression. He followed in the footsteps of his father, who had shot himself at age 57.
That last part could be important, because a recent finding suggests that Hemingway may have inherited his depression and his creativity from his father through the same gene locus. A study out of Semmelweiss University in Hungary tested the blood of a pool of self-identified creative people and found that those who scored highest on a test of creativity had a neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene variant in common.The gene is responsible for creating proteins that grease up neurotransmitter receptors, allowing for better synapse coupling.
Trust me, you want better synapse coupling. Different gene pairings for NRG1 have been linked to susceptibility to schizophrenia and affective disorders. The Hungarian findings show that the same gene may also be responsible for high creativity as well.
The problem with the study is that it smacks a bit of an overly-eager search for that very link. Testing creativity is highly subjective. For the Hungarian study, participants answered the question: “Just suppose clouds had strings attached to them which hang down to earth. What would happen?”And science has been searching for the link between the overt correlation of madness and creativity. Hemingway is one in a proud tradition of disturbed creative geniuses. Edgar Allen Poe and Vincent Van Gogh both suffered from bipolar disorder. Sylvia Plath, Tennessee Williams, Virginia Woolf, John Keats and Charles Dickens all suffered from clinical depression. Franz Kafka suffered from anorexia nervosa. Dylan Thomas, Charles Bukowski, F. Scott Fitzgerald and William Faulker were all alcoholics. God knows what was up with Hunter Thompson. If you’ve heard of a creative, you can pretty much bet that they suffered from some sort of mental illness.
The inspiration for Hungarian study may have also been informed by previous research into links between mental illness and creativity. My favorite so far one found that schizophrenics and creatives share a low latent inhibition, the mental defense against the constant barrage of external sensory stimulus that prevents us from a psychotic break brought on by the incessant humming of fluorescent lights and the like. The difference, posited the Harvard researcher who came up with this idea, is that the higher intellect of creatives allow them to do novel things with the additional stimuli, while schizophrenics think they’re being told to burn things. The problem is that schizophrenics’ intellectual abilities remain unchanged after becoming ill, usually around their early 20s, and the disease doesn’t specifically target those with low IQs.
It’s possible the Hungarians have turned up the link between mental illness and creativity. We’ll know soon enough, after the $1,000 personal genome takes off. Until then, I’m curious. What do you think would happen if clouds had strings attached to them that came down to earth?
More on HowStuffWorks.com:
Top 5 Mad Geniuses
What’s a thinking cap — and could it make me a genius?
How Geniuses Work
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Mental illness – the ultimate thinking outside the box.
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That bit about schizophrenics and creatives is pretty much the premis behind Aldous Huxley’s essay, Heavan and Hell. In Doors of Perception, he links drug use to the same idea.
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Another highly creative, yet troubled mind. Jaco Pastorius. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaco_Pastorius
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Very interesting- although it doesn’t involve thinking caps (lol!) Anyways, I don’t think there is a border between madness and creativity. Both of these characteristics blend together- like how colors of the rainbow are fused together, but not at any specific point. However, I still think mad creativity is rarity. In these exceptional cases, a mental disorder becomes an advantage rather than a handicap. All what we sane people can do is appreciate the creative works of these mental people.
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Hmmm… – I’m having a creatively troubled moment right now!
I made a T.Shirt that says ‘We’re all here – because we’re not all there!’
Now I see how relevant that is! -
I think children would be able to pull the clouds down and shape them like sand castles, then they’d be able to fly them in the sky and show them off like 3D kites. There could be whole amusement parks centered around riding the clouds, showing off the best-looking one, and even racing them.
Or a boy would be trapped in one and a news crew would follow it for hours before realizing he was in an attic all along.
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This is a very interesting phenomenon that is easy to pay attention to. these people like Van Gough and Hemingway are interesting people because of there work, but twice as interesting because of there problems. Notice that most comic book heroes have a super power as a result of some sort of mutation or problem. Why does this fascinate us so much? I can name a long list of creative people like Kurt Cobain, Charles Bukowski, Edgar Allan Poe, and Earnest Hemingway, but how many people can we think of that were just as creative but had no mental illness? George Lucas, Benjamin Franklin, Da Vinci, and Mark Twain all seem to have been right in the head, but that’s just not as interesting to read about.
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This is the first time I have ever been thankful that neither my parents nor I are creative in any way or fashion.
The real question is, should people who are inherently creative, and who have never experienced mental illness, pay closer attention to their own mental faculties? Then again, maybe they shouldn’t. The rest of the world would benefit from their creations.
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I would climb the strings of the clouds to find out what they’re hanging from.
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Sorry Nick #1 George Lucas is a nut case. Did you see the last Indiana Jones flick? Like I said a nut case!
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creativity = mental illness…
I agree with Student about there being a blur between creative genius and mental illness…one moment it`s like, “Dude, you are so cool for your uniqueness.” and the next moment “OK, now you are starting to creep me out.” But I disagree that anyone is “sane.” I think maybe we are all crazy to varying degrees.cloud strings…
obviously, some businessman would harvest all the clouds and sell them back to the public at ridiculous prices (hmm, sounds like petroleum), but at least we could now buy our clouds online…just be careful of poorly-made imitation clouds whose strings fall off as soon as you get them home…OK, back to attempting to lick my elbows.
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I used to be a really creative person and I am “creatively resourceful” and have a good eye still, but thats about it. I used to suffer greatly, though, from bipolar disorder. There were times I felt very lucky to have the influx of these flight of ideas but that was just it, they felt like birds swooping in and taking over pretty much all the time, I had no control over what I felt or thought about no matter what. Sometimes I’d become euphoric with where it would take me and it made me feel superior to others, but just as often it was just bad, thats something I can’t remember too well but it was very very bad sometimes I guess like a bad trip would be. It also made me alienating to people and made me feel alienated and I when I was depressed it was extremely debilitating, and probably the worst torture I will ever have to go through. But I did get a fine arts degree and people did seem to think I was talented. So, of course, when I did end up getting on medication, my life changed dramatically. It put a damper on my completely messed up highs and lows and with it my creativity, boom! Both were almost gone — I was almost a completely different kind of person. It was like a light switch went off, it was not a gradual change. How could the two not be linked? It just goes to show that whatever mechanism was causing me to have this horrible disorder was also causing me to have these crazy thoughts that yes were able to give me some creative talent along with it. It makes me sad sometimes that I miss “the old me” but at the same time I know the medication saved my life. I mean, can a person be as creative as say Kurt Vonnegut without being mentally ill in some way? He was a creative genius, and he tried to commit suicide as well at one point.
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I think the key words here are “self-identified creative people.” Perhaps they should be testing for a link between mental illness and narcissism.
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As a master artist, and someone with asperger’s syndrome, I find that the place my illness comes from and my art are symbiotic. Having taught at the Academy of Art I found most of my students suffered from some from of mental disease or defect. Most were just your average self cutting borderline personality disorder types.
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