ScienceStuff
From bombs to black holes - get your daily science fix right here.

Category RSS Feed

Welcome to the Semantic Apocalypse

by Robert Lamb |

18 Comments | Add Comment

 

Look into the mirror. (D-BASE/Digital Vision/Getty Images)

Look into the mirror. (D-BASE/Digital Vision/Getty Images)

We all live in bubbles of experience and knowledge. We craft a worldview out of our beliefs and values, and this becomes our own individual perceivable universe. Of course, it takes a great deal of stubbornness not to have that worldview changed by new experiences and new tidbits of knowledge.

With science, that’s generally a good thing. Carl Sagan referred to science as a candle shedding light into a demon-haunted world — extinguishing superstition with fact, while also improving our lives. But if you’re going to roll with that analogy, science can also illuminate troubling realities — kind of like when you check out your favorite nighttime hangout with all the lights on. You begin to see cracks in that carefully maintained worldview.

I find that much of what I read regarding neuroscience further stirs the unsettling notion that the human experience itself is little more than an absurd dream, a strange byproduct of evolution. Canadian author R. Scott Bakker ruminates on these topics in his science fiction and fantasy works, weaving imagined worlds with philosophic discourse and neurological research.

In his book “Neuropath,” he refers to something he calls “the semantic apocalypse.” This catastrophe occurs when science shines enough light on the human condition for reason to fail. Absurdism wins.

In a lecture at the University of Western Ontario’s Centre for the Study of Theory and Criticism (transcribed here), Bakker presented the notion in depth . He attributes the semantic apocalypse to four key paths of reasoning:

  1. Humans are fundamentally bio-mechanical: You’re programmed at a genetic level to carry out certain functions, and everything you are furthers those ends.
  2. Science vs. phenomena: Science continues to provide functional explanations of phenomena, including human consciousness. What happens when human consciousness is effectively debunked on a large scale?
  3. Cognitive Closure: This is the philosophic idea that humans can only hope to understand certain things about the universe and simply lack the intelligence to strive beyond them. The exception to this, of course, is the steady accumulation and preservation of scientific data over the course of human history. In Bakker’s words, “We are theoretical half-wits outside of science.”
  4. Blind Brain Hypothesis: This resolves around the idea that, the more we learn about human consciousness, the closer we conceivably come to glimpsing the neurological equivalence of the man behind the curtain or dad dressed in a Santa costume. Essentially, consciousness is a coin trick the brain plays on itself. “The magic can only vanish as soon as the coin trick is explained,” Bakker says. “In this case, we are the magic.”

What if our memories, experience, thoughts and worldview are all just a side effect of our brain’s evolution? What if human consciousness as we know it is something we’ll eventually evolve out of? What if we are essentially just a strange dream cooked up by a piece of meat that drives our bodies on a genetic mission to reproduce?

The day that scientific knowledge blots out human meaning — that’s the semantic apocalypse.

I’ve probably gone on a bit long with this post, but suffice to say that while the illumination of science is greatly beneficial and should certainly continue, it casts an ever-brightening and ever-expanding circle on everything that we are. There’s much about ourselves we’re not going to like.

So what do you think? What scientific revelations have altered your worldview? Which ones have changed you?

Get to know your brain at HowStuffWorks.com:

How Brain Death Works
How Brain Mapping Works
How Your Brain Works
Top 5 Unsolved Brain Mysteries
Top 10 Myths About the Brain
Is the human brain still evolving?
Why are people’s brains different sizes?

 

Tags: , , ,

18 Comments

  • Really interesting post. I have often argued with my “spiritual” friends that our only goal, along with all other animals, is to reproduce. Somehow the proteins of our DNA figured out how to pass down their code and we are simply vessels to get that done. Survival of the fittest eventually invented our superior mind, and just like every other evolutionary adaptation in the world, it has it’s ups and downs.

    No longer do we struggle to reproduce, it is now too easy, basically trivial. Now we need to invent ways to keep our mind occupied and explain what is going on around us. Basically consciousness is a side effect of a survival mechanism.

  • Virgil H. Soule says:

    We’re up against a brick wall in our understanding of the universe. We look out in any direction and we see Cosmic Background Radiation that apparently originates at a red-shift of about 1100. We can measure the position and velocity of everything we see but only relative to ourselves. We have no way of determining anything absolute about the universe because we are on the inside looking out.

    We have the same problem with the human mind: we’re on the inside looking out.

    “Cogito ergo sum.” That’s all we can say.

  • idnapper says:

    Logical Paradox Alert!

    Human consciousness cannot “debunk” human consciousness.

    This kind of tautological boogieman has haunted us for a long time – think the tree of knowledge in Eden for example. Learn about good and evil then you will commit good and evil, so what happened before?

    The scarier reality is that we will realize the truth of our condition on earth which will fly in the face of the sociological distortions that have formed around that truth as our consciousness evolved eg Gods, spirits, human rights, democracy, capitalism, clothes etc.

    Admit it, I sound madder than the this loss of meaning argument.

  • Koen says:

    I believe what you refer to as “semantic apocalypse”, Buddhists and others might refer to as “enlightenment”.

  • Robert Lamb says:

    Koen, this is quite an excellent point! But from a Buddhist standpoint, it’s the journey and not the destination I believe. Bakker’s “semantic apocalypse” and the Buddha’s enlightenment may both be the same place, but it’s the human experience in getting there, I think. While the Buddhist method is internal, spiritual and karmic, the scientific journey may be external, cold and impersonal.

    Or maybe not. :)

    Either way, I’m glad you brought up the point. Clearly, there are many landmarks on the road to enlightenment that, to another traveler, may seem to mark the path to hell.

    ~rl

  • Dr. Dennis McClain says:

    I had a transformative experience that I think is relevant and serves to disprove your assertion by example.

    I’m a neuroscientist. (Did you catch “Why, we just found smoking can offset Parkinson’s” in ‘Thank You For Smoking’? That was mine.) I found late in life that I’m part native American and sought someone to teach me about that part of me. While learning from an elder who was my mentor, I was struck by lightning. He got all excited because he too was struck by lightning. He told me, as his teacher told him, that being struck meant that I was to practice ‘fire medicine’.
    I said “Usti, that’s nice, but I’m a scientist, not a traditionalist, I don’t work that way.”

    He said “So what is it you do?”
    “I’m a neuroscientist. I study the brain.”
    “With what?”
    “I use electrophysiology, brain waves.”
    “What are those?”
    “Electricity generated by brain cells.”
    “Electricity. That’s energy. That’s fire. You’re already doing it.”

    From that I came to understand that any viewpoint is limited (that is in keeping with your assertion) and therefore not the one-and-only correct viewpoint (yes, even science). Others can be different, equally applicable and equally useful within their own culture without detracting from another. And when one viewpoint comes into contact with a differing one the result can be synergistic in that the person can grasp both viewpoints plus gain insight into that ability — more than the sum of the two.

    The history of our species has been one of multiplying and increasingly diversifying cultures. They have all spontaneously developed a world view equal in sophistication for their needs. There is no end in sight for this increasing complexity. Potentially, world views could diversify forever. As populations grew and spread, interaction occurred. As communication technology developed, more interaction occurred. As it does, minds are transformed to grasp this increasing complexity. The effect is not one of an averaging out, of making a mutt out of many pure breds. Rather, we retain our own viewpoint, sometimes more than one, sometimes switching from one to another, and at the least allow ourselves to admit others are out there with different viewpoints that are as valid to the as ours are to us.

    The entire history of our species serves as the example that we are most likely predisposed to perpetually diversify our world views and create intraspecies complexity from the interactions of those which we incorporate into those world views. The evidence argues against a dead end, except for those viewpoints which may be detrimental to themselves and die out or self-destruct, leaving the viable to continue to develop through a sort of planetary genetic algorithm.

    Finally, as a point of science, it is far better to take data from observations than from assertions. I’ve presented an (admittedly, interpreted) observation in opposition to your assertion, based on another’s assertion. Put your money where you want — mine’s on observation.

  • Robert Lamb says:

    Dennis, thanks for sharing your insight. It’s especially nice to read a neuroscientist’s take on some of this and I appreciate the more optimistic view on all this. I admit, I’m often a bit morose and gloomy when it comes to thinking about humanity and its future.

    ~rl

  • Reverend Dave says:

    Who cares? If the debunking happens, what difference will it make to you, or me? We have to continue living, or lay down and die. Conciousness is how we live. And allegedly, in death there is none. So what difference will this make?

  • Robert Lamb says:

    Dave,

    I think that’s a valid comment. But I also think it’s more of how these things might affect how we live rather than if. It’s also possible, indeed, that it’s a lot of pointless worrying. :)

    ~rl

  • bob says:

    “After enlightenment, the laundry.”

    Basically our thoughts are just representations our brains use to keep us alive. It really isn’t all that horrible a thing. It is how humans evolved. Some animals have claws, some can run fast, some can reach the higher fruit. We think. We can abstract and plan and remember and idealize. Its just our niche. The suffering comes in when you take it to far and start to think you are something really special. Apart from the Universe. Above all creation. There will no doubt be a lot of wailing and gnashing of teeth if your this apocalypse ever comes to pass on a large scale. Just like there is doubt and sadness to some extent for a Buddhist as they leave their own ideas of self importance behind.

    “Man is the animal that thinks something is wrong.”

    But you know what? You see the universe for what it is and what it is, is so much more than our humble little brains could ever hope to imagine. And we are just a part of that. It really isn’t all that bad to let your ideas go. It isn’t as bad as you imaging it to be; but the ‘imagining it to be’ is what causes us problems.

    Of course all that doesn’t mean you’ll no longer need to do the laundry when you get home from work.

  • Robert Lamb says:

    Very good point, bob! Thanks for the thoughts.

    The enlightenment/optimism team is definitely in the lead at this point in the thread.

    ~rl

  • Jason says:

    A couple of things come to mind. First, it seems to me that if what we are moving toward is a greater understanding of the forces which condition us, and the limits of our capacity to understand the universe, these are both very positive and useful developments.

    Take for example someone who acts unconsciuously driven by an addiction. That behavior is self perpetuating in large part because of the fact that it is unconscious. If that person has a “moment of clarity” and can see that automatic behavior as not really an operation of free will, then a kind of higher order free will can be brought to bear. Meta-free will if you will, which is possible because of the recognition of the fact that one’s behavior is conditioned.

    Similarly, if we can determine the neurologic forces that operate on us that condition our responses to the universe, there exists the possiblity of manipulating those from a higher order of abstraction, reprogramming our conditioning to more suitable programs. The question of what meta-values would apply would itself be subject to conditioning which could be the subject of meta-meta programming. In fact the project of understanding the limits of our brain is a way of transcending those limits through higher and higher levels of abstraction, each manifesting a kind of free will with respect to lower order conditioned behaviors. Accordingly, I submit, understanding our semantic and neurological limits and conditioning is how we bootstrap ourselves into free will.

    As far as the blind brain hyposthesis, I think that it is fair to say that the idea that there is no consciousness (i.e. individual consciuousness) is not a new one. Early Buddhist thinker Nagarjuna comes to mind. Also most of Vedanta. If understanding that from a rational perspective were sufficient to cause a person to abandon the concept of personal conscousness, I would expect that worldview be more widespread than it is. More likely would be the discovery of some neurological mechanism which causes us to feel as if we exist, and which we could chose to interrupt (this would be an interesting example of meta-free will).

  • bob says:

    One other thing to put it a different way…

    If you are worried about forgetting your ideas or learning that they don’t really mean as much as you thought… that worry is just an idea too. Just because we may one day intuitively know our ideas for what they really are does not make the world go away. The world is much grander than we could ever think and so are we.

  • [...] one of my favorites, nuclear winter, yet managed to leave off a few of my other favorites. Namely, the semantic apocalypse, destruction by horrible monster gods and the ever-present threat of twisted, sorcerous cabals [...]

  • [...] But at the heart of it all is this thing called science, and to really grasp both its positive and terrifying aspects, you have to view it in the framework of cognitive closure. This is the philosophic idea that humans can only hope to understand certain things about the universe and simply lack the intelligence to strive beyond them. Face it, mammal, you’re only going to live X number of years and you can only hope to grasp Y number of things. The exception to this, of course, is the steady accumulation and preservation of scientific data over the course of human history (this also ties into the concept of the semantic apocalypse). [...]

  • Callan says:

    “Humans are fundamentally bio-mechanical”

    Think of it this way – if you trying to look at yourself as a machine, your using an anthropomorphism. You are not complex enough to really grasp how complex you are. So you use a lousy, weak ass idea of ‘machine’ to fill in for your incapacity to be complex enough to percieve your own complexity.

    This extends to the idea that at some point there was a big bang, and your still part of that ongoing bang – and that bang is still a big ass mystery. So you, as an extension of it, are still mysterious. Quit looking strictly at the short term and just what’s happened in the minute lifetime you’ve been in as your test data to try and identify what you are.

    Don’t confuse the weak ass model your mind conjures up, for what your mind actually is. Sure, you can debunk ideas of free will (free from what, is my question), but so can you debunk ‘OMG, I’m a machine’. Neither is some real, genuine grasp of the situation. They are both weak ass approximations, like a fuzzy JPG of the Mona Lisa. They don’t show the true picture.

  • Callan says:

    Hi Dave,

    “We have to continue living, or lay down and die.”
    That’s a pretty dire existance – not living out of joy, but simply living out of fear of the alternative, death.

    This is a question of things that make life attractive and joyous to live, rather than the lesser of two evils. And the fear that the practice of science is going to debunk every source of joy as a mere primitive projection of the mind, onto itself.

    If your part of that practice of science, it matters. If your saying ‘who cares’, your probably not part of that practice to any real degree. Your not facing the problem to see merely facing the problem as also being a problem and concern in itself.

  • Josh Clark says:

    Awesome post, Robert. You should check out this one. It directly relates to your topic: http://blogs.howstuffworks.com/2010/01/12/raymond-tallis-the-religion-of-neurosciences-greatest-blasphemer/

Add your comment

Facebook Users

or Non-Facebook Users

Please read our comment policy »

We love thoughtful responses and lively debates in our comment threads, but please be polite and keep your comments on topic. Spam, trolling, profanity, threats, personal attacks or comments that are generally considered not safe for work will be deleted. For more information please see our Visitor Agreement

Recent Postings by Category